This is an archived copy of the 2023-2024 catalog. To access the most recent version of the catalog, please visit http://coursecatalog.bucknell.edu.

International Relations (IREL)

International relations is a field of study concerned with the cultural, economic, environmental, historic, military and political interactions among the major units of the world, such as states, international organizations, transnational corporations, nongovernmental organizations, groups and individuals. Courses from a number of departments and programs are drawn upon to offer a multidisciplinary major in international relations for the bachelor of arts degree.

The purposes of the major are to increase general knowledge about the history, institutions, interactions and events of the international system; to develop insight into the objectives, decisions and policies of state and nonstate actors; to provide a conceptual vocabulary and diverse theoretical perspectives to help explain and interpret international behavior; to build skills in critical analysis and evaluation of global issues; to develop an appreciation of commensurability and difference and acceptance of “others;” and to encourage evaluation and the solving of global problems. International relations majors will develop skills in writing, speaking and information literacy throughout their studies, but particularly in IREL 250 Theories of International Relations and their senior seminar Culminating Experiences.

The international relations major provides a general education for students seeking greater knowledge about world affairs. It also provides a sound preparation for students interested in pursuing an M.A. or Ph.D. in international relations and related social sciences, a J.D. in law, or for careers in the Foreign Service, the federal government, international law, international business, banking and finance, international organizations, think tanks, nongovernmental organizations, and the Peace Corps. International relations alumni have been accepted to the nation's top graduate programs and law schools and are well represented in all of the listed international careers.

Major Requirements

The international relations major consists of at least 11 courses to count exclusively toward the major.

Undeclared students interested in majoring in international relations are encouraged to contact the IR chairperson with questions about their academic progress. While students who start taking courses toward the major during the second semester of their sophomore year will be able to complete the major in their remaining time at Bucknell, the department recommends the following sequence of progress through the major:

First year: Students can take POLS 170 and ECON 127 during their first year. They should also take a language appropriate for the major. This language should align with their intended area concentration for the major.

Sophomore year: Students declare their major in the spring semester of the sophomore year. They should continue taking language courses. IREL 250 Theories of International Relations should be taken during the second semester of the sophomore year.

Junior year: IREL 250 should be taken during the first semester of junior year if not already completed in the sophomore year. Students should take IREL 350 Globalization as juniors. Students should also take the anchor courses for their thematic tracks and a course fulfilling the history requirement for their area concentration. They should continue to make progress in their language. Students are encouraged to study abroad for one or two semesters during their junior year.

Senior year: Students should complete their Culminating Experience requirement by enrolling in a senior seminar. They should also complete their language requirements and the remaining requirements for the major.

ECON 127	International Economics ¹	1
POLS 170	International Politics (completed by end of sophomore year)	1
IREL 250	Theories of International Relations ²	1
IREL 350	Globalization ³	1
Area concentration history course ⁴		1
Two area concentration courses (see list below) ⁵		2
Thematic core course (see list below) ⁶		1
Two thematic track courses ⁶		2
One Culminating Experience seminar ⁷		1
Total Credits		11

¹: Students who are double majoring in international relations and economics should take ECON 427 International Economic Theory instead of ECON 127 International Economics. In those instances, ECON 427 may count toward the economics major. Students counting ECON 427 toward their economics major will need to take an additional IREL course to compensate. The additional course should be taken from the student’s area concentration or thematic track.
²: IREL 250 Theories of International Relations should be taken in the second semester of the sophomore year or in the first semester of the junior year. Students planning to spend a full year abroad should make sure that they complete IREL 250 before they go abroad. Students will ordinarily take POLS 170 International Politics before enrolling in IREL 250 Theories of International Relations, which is a W2 and will develop skills in writing, speaking and information literacy.
³: IREL 350 Globalization should ordinarily be taken during the fall of the junior year. If a student is spending the entire junior year abroad, it may be taken during the senior year. Students will ordinarily take ECON 127 International Economics before enrolling in IREL 350 Globalization.
⁴: One course must satisfy the history requirement for this area. The acceptable history courses for each area concentration are indicated by an asterisks (*) in the area concentration course lists. History courses taken abroad that are to be counted toward the area concentration must focus on the region or country of study. Histories of individual cities will not be accepted as satisfying the history requirement for the area concentration.
⁵: No more than two of these courses may be in the same department. A course that is counted toward the area concentration may not count toward a thematic track.
⁶: All core thematic track courses must be completed on campus. It is recommended that students take the core course first. A course that is counted toward a thematic track may not count toward an area concentration.
⁷: Students must enroll in a seminar during either semester of the senior year. This seminar, taught by international relations faculty and enrolled in by international relations students, will serve as the College of Arts & Sciences Core Curriculum (CASCC) Culminating Experience requirement. These courses will be taught as W2s and will develop skills in research writing, speaking, presenting and information literacy. IR seminars that are Culminating Experiences are designated by IREL 4XX course number.

Area Concentrations

The area concentrations offered are:

Africa

ECON 224	African Women & Social Action	1
ENST/CBST 263	Conservation in Africa	1
FREN 336	Francophone African Spaces	1
HIST 276/IREL 271	Popular Culture in Africa	1
HIST 290	Europe Imperialism and Colonialism ^*	1
HIST/IREL 291	Africa: Ancient to Early Modern Times 4000BCE-1400CE ^*	1
HIST/CBST 292/IREL 293	Making Contemporary Africa: 'Early Modern' to the 'Post-Modern' World - 1400 to the Present ^*	1
HIST 299	Topics in Non-western History (when relevant) ^*	1
IREL 273/HIST 277/WMST 277	Gender in Africa	1
IREL/HIST 274	Africa and International Relations in Historical Perspective	1
POLS 211	Politics of the Developing World	1
SOCI 310	The Sociology of Developing Societies	1
Language Competency:
ARBC 217	Advanced Arabic I
FREN 210	Building Bridges in French

Asia

ANTH/WMST 232	Gender and Sexuality in South Asia	1
ANTH 243	Violence and Politics in Southeast Asia	1
EAST 228	China Through the Lens	1
EAST 234/HIST 294	China Since 1800 ^*	1
EAST 253	Death of Religion in Japan	1
EAST 255/HIST 296	Modern Japanese History ^*	1
EAST 267/HIST 297	The People's Republic of China ^*	1
ECON/EAST 339/ECON 439	China & East Asian Economics	1
ENST/POLS/RUSS 357	Russian/Soviet Extractive Nation	1
IREL/POLS 225/EAST 269	Chinese Politics	1
IREL/POLS/EAST 226	East Asian Politics	1
IREL/POLS 283/EAST 248	East Asian International Relations	1
RELI 200/EAST 251	Buddhism	1
RELI 202	Hinduism	1
RELI 243	Religions of South Asia	1
RELI/EAST 244	Ghosts, Gods, & Immortals: The Taoist Religion in China	1
RELI 245/EAST 252	Marketing Chinese Religions	1
RELI 246/EAST 253	Death of Religion in Japan	1
Language Competency:
CHIN 201	Chinese III
JAPN 201	Japanese III

Europe, Eurasia & Russia

ECON 277	The French Economy: Structures and Policies (open only to Bucknell en France students)	1
ECON 324	European Economic History ^*	1
ECON 405	Comparative Economic Systems	1
FREN 270	La France actuelle	1
FREN 370	Topics in Civilization	1
GEOG 214	Europe in an Age of Globalization	1
GRMN 270	The Bourgeois Era: 19th-century Germany	1
GRMN 272	Modern German Culture 1945-1990 (when relevant)	1
GRMN 295	Topics in German Studies (when relevant)	1
GRMN 393	Advanced Seminar in Selected Cultural Topics (when relevant)	1
HIST 239	Contemporary Europe, 1890-1995 ^*	1
HIST 247	Topics in European History (when relevant and must be taken on campus)	1
HIST 290	Europe Imperialism and Colonialism ^*	1
HIST 330	European History (when relevant) ^*	1
IREL 218/POLS 284	International Relations of Europe	1
ITAL 295	Topics in Italian Studies (when relevant)	1
POLS 210	Political Theory ^*	1
POLS 223	European Politics	1
POLS 288	French Foreign Policy Since 1945 ( open only to Bucknell en France students)	1
RUSS 330	Nabokov and His Worlds	1
SPAN 270	Spanish Cultural Tradition	1
SPAN 295	Topics in Spanish (when relevant)	1
Language Competency:
Select one of the following: (or equivalent taken elsewhere)		1
A one-credit, 200-level French course taught in French
FREN 210	Building Bridges in French
GRMN 204	Introduction to German Studies
ITAL 205	Discovering Italy
RUSS 201	Advanced Russian I
SPAN 207	Toward Advanced Spanish

Latin America & Caribbean

ECON 273/IREL 278	Latin American Economic Development	1
GEOG 309	Topics in Advanced Economic Geography	1
HIST 282/LAMS 295	Modern Latin America ^*	1
HIST 311	U.S. History since 1865 ^*	1
IREL 201	Modernization and Social Revolution in Latin America	1
IREL 205	Violence, Conflict and Peace in Latin America	1
IREL 208	Global Indigenous Politics and Law	1
IREL/POLS 285	The International Relations of Latin America in the 21st Century	1
LAMS 150	Latin America: An Introduction ^*	1
LAMS 202/ENST 209/ANTH 202	Rainforests and Eco-Politics in Latin America	1
LAMS 224	Becoming Latino/a(s)	1
LAMS 250	Latin America: Challenges for the 21st Century	1
POLS 211	Politics of the Developing World	1
POLS 219	Latin American Politics	1
SOCI 245	Remaking America: Latin American Immigration	1
SOCI 310	The Sociology of Developing Societies	1
Language Competency:
SPAN 207	Toward Advanced Spanish (or equivalent taken elsewhere)	1

Middle East

ARBC 203	Unveiling the Hijab's Culture	1
ARBC 250	Topics in Arabic Studies (Feminist Movement in the Arab World)	1
HEBR/UNIV 236	Israel: Literature, Film, Culture	1
HEBR/UNIV 292	After the Holocaust: Israel & United States	1
HIST 290	Europe Imperialism and Colonialism ^*	1
HIST 299	Topics in Non-western History (when relevant)	1
IREL 229	Middle East Conflict and Revolution	1
POLS 224	Government and Politics of the Middle East ^*	1
POLS 287	U.S. Foreign Policy and the Middle East ^*	1
POLS 289	The Arab-Israeli Conflict	1
POLS 290	Topics in Politics (Violent Nonstate Actors)	1
RELI 201	Islam	1
RELI 209	Israel: Land, People, and Tradition ^*	1
RELI 210	Judaism	1
Language competency:
ARBC 217	Advanced Arabic I

Thematic Tracks

Each track is anchored by a required core course.

Culture & identity

ANTH/WMST 232	Gender and Sexuality in South Asia	1
ANTH 243	Violence and Politics in Southeast Asia	1
ANTH 256	Anthropology of Native North America	1
ARBC 203	Unveiling the Hijab's Culture	1
EAST 111	East Asian Civilization	1
EAST 120	Introduction to Chinese Culture	1
EAST 228	China Through the Lens	1
ECON/WMST 253	Gender and Migration	1
ECON 268	Migrations: Africa to America and the (Re)Making of Culture	1
ENLS 227	Caribbean Literature	1
ENST 232	Identity, Inequality, and the Environment	1
ENST 320/ANTH 307/LING 320	Language & Environmental Politics	1
FREN 236	Topics in Francophone Literature and Culture (when appropriate)	1
HIST 239	Contemporary Europe, 1890-1995	1
HIST/IREL 274	Africa and International Relations in Historical Perspective	1
HIST 276/IREL 271	Popular Culture in Africa	1
HIST 286/EAST 256	Contemporary Japanese History	1
HIST 292	Making Contemporary Africa: 'Early Modern' to the 'Post-Modern' World - 1400 to the Present	1
IREL 208	Global Indigenous Politics and Law	1
IREL/GEOG 216	Borders and Politics of Mobility	1
IREL 265	Culture, Identity, and Power (core course)	1
IREL 273/HIST 277/WMST 277	Gender in Africa	1
ITAL 385	Corsets and Curses	1
SOCI 245	Remaking America: Latin American Immigration	1
SOCI 309	How Holocausts Happen	1
SPAN 266	Black Africans in the Hispanic Black Atlantic: Then and Now	1
SPAN 346	Utopia/Dystopia in Urban Latin America	1
WMST/ECON 224	African Women & Social Action	1

Development & Sustainability

ANTH 251	Gender, Power and Global Development	1
ECON 235	African Economic Development	1
ECON/LAMS 273	Latin American Economic Development	1
ECON/EAST 339/ECON 439	China & East Asian Economics	1
ECON 357	Economic Development	1
ENST/GEOG 215	Environmental Planning	1
ENST 226	Water & Power	1
ENST 232	Identity, Inequality, and the Environment	1
ENST 245/POLS 291	Environmental Policy and Politics	1
ENST 255	Environmental Injustice and Activism	1
ENST/CBST 263	Conservation in Africa	1
ENST 320/ANTH 307/LING 320	Language & Environmental Politics	1
ENST/GEOG 325	Nature, Wealth and Power	1
ENST/POLS/RUSS 357	Russian/Soviet Extractive Nation	1
GEOG 209	Economic Geography	1
GEOG 227	Geographies of Uneven Development	1
GEOG 257	Climate Change	1
GEOG 312	Geographies of Health	1
GEOG/ENST 345	Food and the Environment	1
IREL 208	Global Indigenous Politics and Law	1
IREL 234	Environment & Development	1
IREL 240	Human Security	1
IREL 252	Political Economy of Global Resources (core course)	1
LAMS 202/ENST 209	Rainforests and Eco-Politics in Latin America	1
POLS/IREL 277	International Political Economy	1
WMST/ECON 253	Gender and Migration	1

Foreign Policy & Diplomacy

EAST 248	International Relations in East Asia	1
ECON/EAST 339/ECON 439	China & East Asian Economics	1
ECON 418	American Economic History	1
GEOG 211	Political Geography	1
HIST 214	Topics in American History (when relevant)	1
HIST 247	Topics in European History (when relevant)	1
HIST 287	Perspectives: The Vietnam War	1
HIST 290	Europe Imperialism and Colonialism	1
HIST 299	Topics in Non-western History (when relevant)	1
HIST 311	U.S. History since 1865 (when relevant)	1
HIST 399	Non-western History (when relevant)	1
IREL 201	Modernization and Social Revolution in Latin America	1
IREL 203	Social Justice and the Politics of Global and International Health	1
IREL/GEOG 216	Borders and Politics of Mobility	1
IREL 218/POLS 284	International Relations of Europe	1
IREL 231	Peace Studies: Conflict Resolution	1
IREL 240	Human Security	1
IREL 274	Africa and International Relations in Historical Perspective	1
IREL/POLS 275	Global Governance	1
IREL 276	Foreign Policy Analysis (core course)	1
POLS 271	American Foreign Policy	1
POLS 272	U.S. National Security Policy	1
POLS 280	War	1
POLS 281/IREL 231	Peace Studies: Conflict Resolution	1
POLS 287	U.S. Foreign Policy and the Middle East	1
POLS 288	French Foreign Policy Since 1945	1
POLS 289	The Arab-Israeli Conflict	1

Global Governance & Conflict Resolution

HIST 311	U.S. History since 1865 (when relevant)	1
HIST 399	Non-western History (when relevant)	1
IREL 200	International Relations: Topics/Issues (when relevant)	1
IREL 203	Social Justice and the Politics of Global and International Health	1
IREL 205	Violence, Conflict and Peace in Latin America	1
IREL 207	Development, Disasters and Displacement	1
IREL 208	Global Indigenous Politics and Law	1
IREL/GEOG 216	Borders and Politics of Mobility	1
IREL 218/POLS 284	International Relations of Europe	1
IREL 229	Middle East Conflict and Revolution	1
IREL 231/POLS 281	Peace Studies: Conflict Resolution	1
IREL 240	Human Security	1
IREL 255/POLS 278	International Law	1
IREL/POLS 275	Global Governance (core course)	1
IREL/POLS 277	International Political Economy	1
IREL/POLS 286	Nonstate Actors in International Relations	1
POLS 280	War	1
POLS 281/IREL 231	Peace Studies: Conflict Resolution	1
POLS 290	Topics in Politics (Violent Nonstate Actors)	1
POLS 289	The Arab-Israeli Conflict	1
SOCI 309	How Holocausts Happen	1

Additional Requirements

There are three additional requirements and rules for the international relations major as stipulated below:

Of the 11 courses recorded for the major, no more than six courses may be taken from one department.
No more than two off-campus courses will count toward the major per semester of study abroad. Students studying abroad for one semester may count two courses toward the major. Students studying abroad for a full year may count four courses toward the major.
Competence must be demonstrated in a foreign language that is compatible with the area concentration, normally by successfully completing a one-credit, fifth-semester equivalent course in the target language on the culture or society of a country or region. The language(s) appropriate to each area concentration, and the Bucknell equivalent levels that are required to satisfy the major’s language requirement, are noted in the area concentration course list. International students whose native language is not English are exempt, in consultation with the department chair, from the language requirement if they select an area concentration suitable for the native language.

One semester of study abroad is strongly recommended in a country within the area concentration and where the language being used for the language requirement is spoken, or in a study abroad program compatible with the selected thematic track. To receive credit for study abroad, it is expected that the country visited will fit with the area of concentration. With prior approval, students may transfer credit from study abroad that is outside their area of concentration if the study abroad is intended to complement a thematic track.

Other Considerations

Off-campus study in Washington, D.C., including the Washington Semester or Washington Center, also is recommended, but not as highly as overseas study. Students should contact the Office of International Education for information about off-campus study.

The department encourages students to pursue summer internships in positions related to international relations. Students have interned in embassies abroad as well as in government agencies in Washington, D.C.

Students who are interested in pursuing a subject in greater depth are encouraged, in consultation with their academic adviser, to consider independent study or honors thesis. Students planning to pursue graduate study in international relations should consider taking a course in social science methods, computer science, and microeconomics and macroeconomics.

For additional information, students are encouraged to visit the Department of International Relations website at bucknell.edu/InternationalRelations.

International Relations Minor

The international relations minor consists of a minimum of five courses.

POLS 170	International Politics	1
IREL/POLS 277	International Political Economy	1
or ECON 127	International Economics
Select one of the following:		3
Three courses from one area concentration (see lists on the major's page). ¹
Three courses from one thematic track (see lists on the major's page).

It is recommended that students majoring in economics who also intend to pursue an international relations minor take ECON 427 International Economic Theory instead of ECON 127 International Economics. When counting ECON 427 toward the economics major an additional IREL course must be taken in the area concentration or thematic track chosen for the minor.

Students who choose to complete their international relations minor through an area concentration are encouraged to take one of the designated history courses, which are noted with an asterisks (*) in the lists on the department's webpage. Students who choose to complete their international relations minor through a thematic track are encouraged to take the appropriate core course indicated in the thematic track list. Students minoring in international relations are strongly encouraged, but not required, to develop competence in a suitable language.

Understand the major concepts of international relations, including: power, the international system, balance of power, hegemony, conflict, cooperation, integration, globalization, interdependence, dependence, regimes, globalization, equality, justice, sustainability and international political economy.
Understand and critically evaluate the theories and approaches to international relations, including realism, liberalism, classical and neo-Marxism, Neo-Gramscian, critical, post-modernist, post-colonial, sexuality and feminist.
Identify the key actors in international relations—including states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations, global civil society, and individuals—and understand how these actors interact to give substance to international relations.
Demonstrate a knowledge of the key dimensions, events and processes of international relations within their historic context, such as: the formation of the modern state system, the Treaty of Westphalia, the evolution of global capitalism, the origins of the Cold War, the shift to the post-Cold War system, the role of race, gender and class in the structure of the modern world system, major conflicts, such as the world wars, U. S. intervention in various places in the world, ascendant conflicts, the features and effects of globalizing market capitalism, growing environmental problems and human rights.
Demonstrate knowledge of the multi-disciplinary nature of international relations by establishing connections with the disciplines that have shaped and continue to influence international relations: politics, economics, society, culture, history, language, race, ethnicity, gender and sexuality.
Demonstrate skills of critical analysis and written and oral communication, including the ability to:
1. Read and reflect on disciplinary materials and literature carefully, critically and insightfully;
2. Write well-organized, informed, logically argued, clear, persuasive and stylistically correct essays and papers;
3. Participate actively in class discussions, verbally expressing ideas clearly, logically and persuasively.
Work effectively in teams and project groups.

Courses

IREL 100. Globalization & World (Dis)Order. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course will explore the restructuring of the political, economic, and cultural dimensions of the global world by a way of the theoretical literature on globalization and a series of case studies. This course cannot be taken for IR major credit.

IREL 200. International Relations: Topics/Issues. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3; Repeatable
Selected topics in international relations.

IREL 201. Modernization and Social Revolution in Latin America. 1 Credit.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This class examines how technological and political processes combine focusing on the Latin American region.

IREL 203. Social Justice and the Politics of Global and International Health. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Health crises are a permanent part of human societies. The COVID19 pandemic is a model of various approaches countries take to health crises, and highlights the successes and failures of various models of health care provision. This course explores global public health problems using the lens of international relations.

IREL 205. Violence, Conflict and Peace in Latin America. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores the historical and contemporary causes of political, structural, and systematic forms of violence in Latin America. Crosslisted as ANTH 205 and LAMS 205.

IREL 207. Development, Disasters and Displacement. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores how development projects, natural disasters, climate change, violent conflict, and the environment force people to migrate both within and between nations.

IREL 208. Global Indigenous Politics and Law. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores Indigenous people’s historical and contemporary struggles for recognition and respect with an emphasis on Indigenous groups in Latin America and global governance. Crosslisted as ANTH 208 and LAMS 208.

IREL 212. Politics of India/South Asia. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course provides an introduction to the major contemporary political issues and trends in the region of India/South Asia. Themes will include colonialism, nationalism, economic growth and development, democracy vs. authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, and ethnic conflict. Crosslisted as POLS 212.

IREL 216. Borders and Politics of Mobility. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores the politics of contemporary nation state borders, issues of territory, sovereignty, mobility, migration, identity, citizenship, statelessness, and focuses on borders at other scales. Crosslisted as GEOG 216.

IREL 217. Environment Conflict and Security. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores the link between environmental and human security, and the stakes for both humans and non-humans in climate change, natural disaster, and resource conflicts.

IREL 218. International Relations of Europe. 1 Credit.

Offered Fall Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This course will examine the foreign policies of European countries, individually and collectively through the European Union, toward each other, regional and global intergovernmental organizations, and other regions/countries. Crosslisted as POLS 284.

IREL 225. Chinese Politics. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course examines China's rich political history, its dynamic economic and social changes, its lasting political changes, its enduring struggle for modernization, and its evolving relations with the rest of the world. Crosslisted as EAST 269 and POLS 225.

IREL 226. East Asian Politics. 1 Credit.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This course surveys history, politics, economy, and society of countries in East Asia. It investigates the continuity and change in politics and policies of China, Japan, Korea, and selected countries in Southeast Asia. Crosslisted as EAST 226 and POLS 226.

IREL 227. Latin American Politics and Development. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course introduces students to key themes in Latin American politics and development, including modernization, populism, revolution, structural adjustment, the Pink Tide, and the new right. Potential and emerging alternatives to neoliberalism in the region are also explored.

IREL 229. Middle East Conflict and Revolution. 1 Credit.

Offered Fall Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This course explores some of the most significant controversies, conflicts, revolutions, and resolutions, both historical and contemporary, that define the Middle East as a region.

IREL 231. Peace Studies: Conflict Resolution. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Topics examined include pacifism, conflict resolution techniques and approaches, and finally actual case studies to illustrate peacemaking in two contexts: interstate wars and internal or civil strife. Crosslisted as POLS 281.

IREL 234. Environment & Development. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
What is the relationship between development and the environment? This course lays out frameworks for understanding the engagement of development with the environment. This includes exploring circuits through which processes (economic, environmental, and social) and goods circulate, including cases from “sustainable” forestry, carbon economies, and the global trade in waste.

IREL 240. Human Security. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Explores emerging debates around human vulnerability and conflict, climate change, displacement, development and other forms of security.

IREL 250. Theories of International Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Both Fall and Spring; Lecture hours:3
Analysis and evaluation of main theories of international relations, including realist, neo-realist, liberal, neo-liberal, Gramscian, Marxist, feminist, and post-modernist approaches. Theories are related to the major dimensions of international relations. Prerequisites: POLS 170. Preference given to second semester sophomores and junior IREL majors.

IREL 252. Political Economy of Global Resources. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
A study of environmental and energy economics in the context of global resources and politics. The theme of sustainable development will be linked to the new realities of international relations. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or ECON 103.

IREL 255. International Law. 1 Credit.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
The nature, historical development, and sources of international law; substantive and procedural international law and its role in international relations. Crosslisted as POLS 278.

IREL 265. Culture, Identity, and Power. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Students will learn a range of theories and concepts that explain how gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, class, nationality, religion, and other forms of difference shape and are shaped by international affairs.

IREL 271. Popular Culture in Africa. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course allows students to explore, experience, and analyze aspects of popular culture in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa. Manifestations of popular culture are considered as markers of modern African identities, embedded in complex and varied socio-cultural, historical and political contexts. Crosslisted as HIST 276.

IREL 273. Gender in Africa. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course examines gender and sexuality across Africa historically and contemporarily, using an examination of Africanist gender theory along with a critical examination of Western conventional categories and a critical approach to issues of family, generational tensions, sexuality, and power as useful ways for thinking through change in African history. Crosslisted as HIST 277 and WMST 277.

IREL 274. Africa and International Relations in Historical Perspective. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
From popular culture: music, film, fashion to digital technologies: cell phones, computers, fit-bits, and GOOGLE-glass to our food: morning coffee, sugar, and spices, we rely on African ideas and resources. Through novels, films, and scholarly articles we examine how International Relations across Africa and within Africa matter in our lives. Crosslisted as CBST 274 and HIST 274.

IREL 275. Global Governance. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course explores the rationales, processes, and institutions of multilateral governance in a globalized world. We examine the U.N., nongovernmental organizations, conflict resolution, economic development, environment, human rights, and international law. Not open to first-year students. Crosslisted as POLS 275.

IREL 276. Foreign Policy Analysis. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course is designed to introduce students to the theories that have been developed to explain foreign policy processes and foreign policy behavior. The course will also examine and discuss the foreign policies of specific international actors. Crosslisted as POLS 276.

IREL 277. International Political Economy. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course examines the politics of international economic relations including trade, finance, and development. Crosslisted as POLS 277.

IREL 278. Latin American Economic Development. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
The course deals with historic and contemporary economic problems, starting from colonial times and reaching the present integration into world economy. Crosslisted as ECON 273 and LAMS 273.

IREL 282. European Security. 1 Credit.

Offered Alternate Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
European security issues, including NATO enlargement, the military campaigns in the Balkans, the Iraq War, terrorism, and ballistic missile defense. Crosslisted as POLS 282.

IREL 283. East Asian International Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course offers an overview of international relations in East Asia, with focus on foreign policies of major states in the region as well as their political, economic, and social interactions. Crosslisted as EAST 248 and POLS 283.

IREL 285. The International Relations of Latin America in the 21st Century. 1 Credit.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This course will examine the emergence of the New Left, the production of regional spaces, the impact of the BRICS and South-South cooperation in Latin America. Crosslisted as POLS 285.

IREL 286. Nonstate Actors in International Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Fall Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This course explores the role nonstate actors (such as nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, violent nonstate actors, and individuals) can and do play in various substantive areas of international relations. Crosslisted as POLS 286.

IREL 291. Africa: Ancient to Early Modern Times 4000BCE-1400CE. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Survey of Africa from Ancient economic, social, cultural, economic, and political developments to the Early Modern Era and the rise of Atlantic era trade. This course focuses on social, cultural, political, and economic changes generated by populations across the continent. Crosslisted as CBST 291 and HIST 291.

IREL 293. Making Contemporary Africa: 'Early Modern' to the 'Post-Modern' World - 1400 to the Present. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Survey of African history from the 15th century to the contemporary period. We explore six major themes in African History: The Indian Ocean World, Making of the Atlantic World, Colonialism in Africa, Nationalism and Independence Movements, Post-Colonialism and Issues in the Making of Contemporary Africa. Crosslisted as CBST 292 and HIST 292.

IREL 2NT. International Relations Non-traditional Study. 1 Credit.

Offered Fall, Spring, Summer; Lecture hours:Varies,Other:3
Non-traditional study in international relations. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

IREL 300. Seminar: Topics in International Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3; Repeatable
This course considers the shift in international politics from an ethic based upon state security to one focused on human security. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

IREL 350. Globalization. 1 Credit.

Offered Both Fall and Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course is designed to provide IREL majors with an opportunity to study global change. The course addresses contemporary issues in globalization. Specific topics may vary. Normally taken in fall of junior or senior year. Prerequisites: IREL majors. Students should preferably have (ECON 127 or ECON 227) and IREL 250.

IREL 356. Nationalism, Nature & the Future. 1 Credit.

Offered Occasionally; Lecture hours:3
This course explores the geographies and politics of nationalism, the ways in which nature is nationalized, the construction of nature in environmental contestations and reactions to nationalism, and the intersection of nationalism with other social constructions. Crosslisted as ENST 356.

IREL 360. Independent Study. .5-1 Credits.

Offered Fall Semester Only; Lecture hours:Varies; Repeatable
Open to international relations majors who wish to pursue individual programs of reading, research, and writing under the supervision of a professor, usually for completion of the honors thesis. Prerequisites: permission of the supervising IREL professor and permission of the instructor.

IREL 361. Independent Study. .5-1 Credits.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:Varies; Repeatable
Open to international relations majors who wish to pursue individual programs of reading, research, and writing under the supervision of a professor, usually for the completion of the honors thesis. Prerequisites: permission of the supervising IREL professor and permission of the instructor.

IREL 400. Seminar: Topics in International Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Both Fall and Spring; Lecture hours:3; Repeatable
Selected topics of international relations at an advanced level for senior seminar credit. Prerequisites: second semester junior or senior status and permission of the instructor.

IREL 415. Human Rights. 1 Credit.

Offered Fall Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
The seminar will study human rights, primarily from an international perspective, including self-determination, cultural rights, ethnic and racial rights, women's rights, religious rights, and lesbian and gay rights. Preference given to international relations majors. Crosslisted as POLS 389.

IREL 418. Social Movements and Society. 1 Credit.

Offered Spring Semester Only; Lecture hours:3
This seminar examines social movements in International Relations in multiple contexts across the globe, through a variety of scales.

IREL 430. Global Poverty: Politics and Practices. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course engages debates about the politics and practice of addressing poverty in a global context. We examine how schemes are conceptualized, come to be taken up, and circulate globally -- from micro-finance, to food supplements, and cash-transfers for the poor. Alongside this, we examine the business of “ending poverty.”.

IREL 474. Human Trafficking: Ancient to Present Day. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
This course covers the very real and challenging topic of human trafficking in Africa and other parts of the world. Human Trafficking illuminates the interconnectedness of multiple systems of economics, politics, and culture through the transfer and control of labor. Crosslisted as HIST 374.

IREL 482. U.S.-China Relations. 1 Credit.

Offered Either Fall or Spring; Lecture hours:3
Through tracing the evolution of U.S.-China relations from the 18th century to the 21st century, this course discusses major issues and challenges between the two countries today. Future trends of the bilateral relationship will also be explored. Prerequisite: POLS 170. Preference given to EAST, IREL, and POLS seniors. Crosslisted as EAST 382 and POLS 382.